MVC is a pattern that helps separate presentation from business logic. In short, in an MVC application all Web requests are handled by controllers. A "controller" is responsible for interpreting the user's request and interacting with the application's business objects in order to fulfill the request. These business objects are represented as the "model" part of the MVC. Based on the outcome of the request execution, the controller decides which "view" to forward the model to. The view uses the data in the model to create the presentation that is returned to the user.
If you've ever worked on a Web application, chances are that you've worked with either a custom MVC framework or an existing framework, such as Struts. Struts is in fairly widespread use in the Java world, but the Spring MVC framework promises to provide a simpler alternative to Struts.